gOxiA=苏繁=SuFan Blog

在实体机中使用 Native Boot 从 VHD 引导 Windows Server 2008 R2 Beta x64

        之前一直在 Hyper-V 下的虚拟机中进行 Native Boot 测试，效果很不错！最近因为想测试一下 Windows Server 2008 R2 Beta（简称：WS08R2Bx64） 的 Hyper-V，所以决定在自己的 ThinkPad X60 上进行实体机的体验，故想到了使用 Native Boot！早先是在 Hyper-V 上创建了一个 WS08R2Bx64 虚拟机，并执行了通用类型的 sysprep，之后下载到本子上在现有的 Windows 7 上使用 BCDEdit 手工添加了用于 VHD 的引导配置信息。怀着满腔激情重新启动了机器结果……蓝屏了！下面是一段测试视频，因为用 PPC 拍摄的光线不好，望海涵。


        虽然从 Vista 开始已经不存在 HAL 问题，而且 Sysprep 也能够清理掉特有的硬件信息，那么此蓝屏应该与硬件驱动无关。不过还是在本地重新建立 VHD，并从 Install.wim 释放对应版本到 VHD 中重新启动，结果一样！很令人费解，所有的操作都没有错，而且虚拟机中测试也是正常的。于是搜索网页终于找到了有关的信息。在 Frank Yu 的 Blog 中提到：“4．根据一些朋友的反馈，动态的VHD文件无法启动，需要在建立vhd是设置成立即分配才可以从vhd启动”，看了几遍没有完全看懂，估计 Frank Yu 打错了部分语句。不过有一点重要的线索就是动态 VHD 可能会造成无法正常启动。这里之所以说“可能会”，是因为本人经过测试证明即使是动态 VHD 也是可以启动地，不过正如现在遇到的故障，可能存在在实体中从 VHD 启动需要使用固定容量的 VHD。

        本来想通过 Hyper-V 管理器将现有的 WS08R2Bx64 虚拟机的 VHD 转换成固定容量类型的 VHD，但是实际操作发现，转换后的容量不能小于之前创建得容量值，无奈只能重新创建一个固定容量（Fixed Size）的 VHD，这次的测试结果令人满意，终于成功地在本子上从 VHD 中引导了 WS08R2Bx64，下面可以看一段我的测试视频。

Windows 7 产品版本
        Windows 7 版本划分的信息已经能够从网上搜索到，最终发布是否会有变动还是未知数。下面的数据源自：http://www.winsupersite.com/win7/win7_skus.asp，从版本特性来看，其中的 Home Premium 以及 Professional 将成为市场的主导产品。在 Vista 时的 Business 版本在 Windows 7 中被 Professional 取而代之。Professional 的回归预示着什么呢？

Windows 7 Starter
Market: Worldwide availability this time but with new PCs only
Key features: Enhanced taskbar, Jump Lists, Windows Media Player, Backup and Restore, Action Center, Device Stage, Play To, Fax and Scan, basic games
What's missing: Aero Glass, many Aero desktop enhancements, Windows Touch, Media Center, Live thumbnail previews, Home Group creation
        This version will only be sold through PC makers to users, but unlike with Vista, it will be sold worldwide. This suggests that netbook makers will choose this version, even in the US. As with previous Windows Starter Edition products, it is limited in some ways: You can run only three applications at once, don't get Windows 7's full mobility capabilities, and can participate in but not create a Home Group. Also, there's no Aero Glass.

Windows 7 Home Premium
Market: Mainstream retail market
Key features: Aero Glass, Aero Background, Windows Touch, Home Group creation, Media Center, DVD playback and authoring, premium games, Mobility Center
What's missing: Domain join, Remote Desktop host, advanced backup, EFS, Offline Folders
        The volume Windows 7 offering for consumers builds on Starter and includes Mobility Center, Aero Glass, advanced windows navigation features like Aero Snap and Aero Peek, and multi-touch, as well as the ability to both create and participate in Home Groups. Home Premium will be sold at retail and be included with new computers.

Windows 7 Professional
Market: Mainstream retail market
Key features: Domain join, Remote Desktop host, location aware printing, EFS, Mobility Center, Presentation Mode, Offline Folders
What's missing: BitLocker, BitLocker To Go, AppLocker, Direct Access, Branche Cache, MUI language packs, boot from VHD
        This volume Windows 7 version builds on Home Premium and adds features like domain join, Group Policy (GP) controls, location aware printing, advanced backup, EFS, and offline folders. Pro will be sold at retail and be included with new computers

Windows 7 Enterprise
Market: Volume-license business customers only
Key features: BitLocker, BitLocker To Go, AppLocker, Direct Access, Branche Cache, MUI language packs, boot from VHD
What's missing: Retail licensing
        As before, Enterprise is aimed at Microsoft's Software Assurance (SA) volume license customers. This time, however, Enterprise is a superset of Professional and adds much-heralded Windows 7 features like Direct Access, Branch Cache, BitLocker, and BitLocker To Go.

Windows 7 Ultimate
Market: Retail market, limited availability
Key features: BitLocker, BitLocker To Go, AppLocker, Direct Access, Branche Cache, MUI language packs, boot from VHD
What's missing: Volume licensing
        For those few customers who simply must have everything, Windows 7 Ultimate offers all of the features from Enterprise but loses the volume licensing requirement. So you can think of Ultimate edition as Enterprise for consumers (and other retail customers).
        Windows 7 Ultimate is kind of a wild-card. It will be available at retail and with new PCs, but Microsoft suggested that it will not be heavily marketed and will instead be "offer-based" via occasional promotions and offers from both PC makers and retailers.
        "We're experimenting with the kinds of offers we can make for Windows 7 Ultimate," Veghte said. "It's going to be a low-single digit run rate (i.e. low market share) product. We expect retailers and OEMs to occasionally offer Ultimate with new PCs as part of special promotions. But in terms of run rate, it will be a tiny, tiny percentage of the volume. We will keep the marketing energy on Home Premium and Professional."

Step by Step VHD with Native Boot
        在 Windows 7 中包含了一项全新的并且是颠覆性的功能——Native Boot，它允许我们能够直接引导并运行存储在 VHD 文件中的操作系统。在 PDC 中国大会专门为此开了一个课程作了详细的介绍。当时测试者都普遍在使用着 Windows 7 M3 Build6801，虽然都够测试直接在 Windows 7 上创建并挂载 VHD，但是要想实现 VHD with Native Boot 确如水中捞月，gOxiA 发现当时 Build6801 中的 Diskpart 对 VHD 的操作支持还并不完善，此外 WAIK3Beta 也并未发布，所以阻碍了 gOxiA 当时的测试。现在 Windows 7 Beta1 的发布终于可以让 gOxiA 和大家过足瘾。

        昨天 gOxiA 对 Native 作了详细的测试体验，虽然有一定的阻碍和困难，但都一一克服，不敢独享！特总结出经验心得与大家分享，希望大家也能体验一下 VHD with Native Boot。

        首先，介绍一下测试中遇到的难点，我们知道简单顺利地完成测试，是我们大家所期望的。不过即使遇到困阻，只要你有耐心我想我们还是能通过这些困阻得到更多的收获！但是，gOxiA 还是希望大家能少走一些弯路。所以在测试 Native Boot 前我建议大家要做好准备工作。首先，要准备一份 Windows PE 3.0；其次，要准备好 Windows 7 Beta1 的安装盘，最好再将 Install.wim 文件拷贝到其他网络位置或启动移动存储上。进行测试的版本建议选择 Ultimate，否则就像 gOxiA 一样，为了省事在测试时使用了 HomeBasic 导致因授权而无法进入系统的问题，如下图所示。此外需要特别注意的一点，Windows PE 与 要部署的操作系统的架构需要相同，即要么都是 x86，否则就都是 x64。其他倒没什么需要注意的，gOxiA 本来以为直接通过 Windows 7 Beta1 的安装盘加上拷贝到其他位置的 Imagex.exe 就能够简单实现部署，不过从测试结果来看，通过 Windows 7 Beta1 安装盘引导后，按下 Shift+F10 调出的 CMD 环境是无法运行 Imagex.exe 的，之所以要将 Windows 7 Beta1 安装盘中的 Install.wim 拷贝到其他位置也是方便以后调用，不用反复的插入光盘或 Mount ISO。所以 Windows PE 和 Install.wim 都是必须的。